1945: On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima by a unit of the US Army. On August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Estimates of killed and wounded were 150,000 at Hiroshima and 75,000 at Nagasaki.
The bomb scientific development effort was led by Robert Oppenheimer, and at various times, included all five of the Martians, (Theodore Von Karman, John von Neumann, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner), brilliant Hungarian scientists who were driven out of Europe by Nazism.